枳實黃酮，由枳實中提取而得。具有抗氧化、抗菌與抗病毒、 與抗腫瘤、抗炎,調節免疫活性、治療心血管疾病、解毒護肝、影響內分泌和代謝等藥理作用。

 

【成分】

枳實中黃酮類化合物主要有橙皮有、柚皮苷、新橙皮苷、以及酸橙素、苦橙苷、枸桔苷、苦橙丁等。

【理化性質】

（1）黃酮類化合物多為結晶性固體,少數為無定形粉末。黃酮類化合物的分子結構中,大多帶有酚輕基,因此具有酚類化合物的通性。

（2）另外,分子中還常帶有毗酮環或碳基,構成了生色團的基本結構,根據羥基的數目,結合的位置與交叉共扼體系,構成了黃酮類化合物的呈色。黃酮、黃酮醇及其苷類多為灰黃至黃色雙氫黃酮、雙氫黃酮醇無交叉共軛體系一般不顯色；異黃酮類因共扼體系較短,顯微黃色花色素所顯顏色與有關,不同的條件下會呈現出紅、紫、藍等顏色。

（3）對於黃酮苷元,分子內含有不對稱碳原子的雙氫黃酮、雙氫黃酮醇、黃烷醇、雙氫異黃酮及其衍生物,具有旋光性,其餘苷元則無旋光性。黃酮苷類因結構中含有糖的分子,均含有旋光性,且多為左旋。

（4）黃酮類化合物的溶解度因結構及存在狀態苷或苷元,單糖苷,雙糖苷或三糖苷不同而有很大差異。一般游離苷元難溶于水,易溶于甲醇、乙醇、氯仿、乙酸乙酯等有機溶劑而黃酮苷一般易溶于水、甲醇、乙醇等極性溶劑,難溶或不溶于苯、氯仿等有機溶劑。

（5）黃酮類化合物多具有強的熒光,在紫外燈照射下呈亮黃、黃綠、亮藍、暗棕等顏色。

（6）黃酮類化合物對鹽酸鎂粉或汞齊呈鮮紅、紫色或黃色反應。結構中帶有3一OH,5一OH或鄰位羥基者,均能與金屬鹽類試劑如鋁鹽、鎂鹽、腮鹽、鐵鹽等形成顏色較深的絡合物。

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