枳实黄酮，由枳实中提取而得。具有抗氧化、抗菌与抗病毒、 与抗肿瘤、抗炎,调节免疫活性、治疗心血管疾病、解毒护肝、影响内分泌和代谢等药理作用。

 

【成分】

枳实中黄酮类化合物主要有橙皮有、柚皮苷、新橙皮苷、以及酸橙素、苦橙苷、枸桔苷、苦橙丁等。

【理化性质】

（1）黄酮类化合物多为结晶性固体,少数为无定形粉末。黄酮类化合物的分子结构中,大多带有酚轻基,因此具有酚类化合物的通性。

（2）另外,分子中还常带有毗酮环或碳基,构成了生色团的基本结构,根据羟基的数目,结合的位置与交叉共扼体系,构成了黄酮类化合物的呈色。黄酮、黄酮醇及其苷类多为灰黄至黄色双氢黄酮、双氢黄酮醇无交叉共轭体系一般不显色；异黄酮类因共扼体系较短,显微黄色花色素所显颜色与有关,不同的条件下会呈现出红、紫、蓝等颜色。

（3）对于黄酮苷元,分子内含有不对称碳原子的双氢黄酮、双氢黄酮醇、黄烷醇、双氢异黄酮及其衍生物,具有旋光性,其余苷元则无旋光性。黄酮苷类因结构中含有糖的分子,均含有旋光性,且多为左旋。

（4）黄酮类化合物的溶解度因结构及存在状态苷或苷元,单糖苷,双糖苷或三糖苷不同而有很大差异。一般游离苷元难溶于水,易溶于甲醇、乙醇、氯仿、乙酸乙酯等有机溶剂而黄酮苷一般易溶于水、甲醇、乙醇等极性溶剂,难溶或不溶于苯、氯仿等有机溶剂。

（5）黄酮类化合物多具有强的荧光,在紫外灯照射下呈亮黄、黄绿、亮蓝、暗棕等颜色。

（6）黄酮类化合物对盐酸镁粉或汞齐呈鲜红、紫色或黄色反应。结构中带有3一OH,5一OH或邻位羟基者,均能与金属盐类试剂如铝盐、镁盐、腮盐、铁盐等形成颜色较深的络合物。

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